The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And The Runaway African...

Mark Twain has been criticized in his literary writings as a racist because of his depictions of African Americans. However, there are several instances throughout his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn where Mark Twain positively supports the relationship between the main white character Huck Finn and the runaway African American slave, Jim. The purpose of Twain’s work is to show his readers of the oppression experienced by blacks. He uses the character Huck Finn as a model to show people that everyone is an equal human being and they deserve to be treated as such. The novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, published in 1884, is portrayed through the point of view of a young teenaged boy from the South. Huck Finn fakes his own death and runs away in fear of losing his life to an abusive father. The story is presented in a first person narrative from the perspective of Huck Finn. Since the story is told from Huck Finn’s point of view, the reader is given a per sonal insight to his life. His young energy is entertaining to the reader and gives input of a child growing up in the South. Huck Finn is at an age of development and is innocent to the harsh world. He still questions society and when he develops a relationship with Jim, who is a black slave, he strongly disagrees with the discrimination of blacks. Huck is a character who sees things clearly and truthfully. Both Huck and Jim experience oppression and seek to escape their lives and flee north to potentialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Huckleberry Finn and Slavery1227 Words   |  5 Pagesoverwhelmingly racist atmosphere that he was placed in, this is an example of how young Huck Finn is able to see a black man with the human qualities that Huck’s upbringing was supposed to rip from all blacks. Huck’s mind, from the very beginning, is open to the possibility of Jim being just another human being, regardless of him being taught otherwise. Around the time period in which The A dventures of Huckleberry Finn is loosely based (1830-1845, roughly), slavery was prominent throughout the U.S. and thereRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1591 Words   |  7 PagesIs it possible for someone to change their views on something that has been instilled in them throughout their life? The novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, follows a white Southern boy, Huck, and his adventures with a slave named Jim. Huck grew up with a drunken, uneducated father, Pap, who constantly abused him when he wasn’t drinking. Ms. Watson, who owned Jim, took Huck in. One night, Pap kidnapped Huck and took him to a secret log cabin. In order to truly get away from PapRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreDehumanism In Huckleberry Finn Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagescreated equal† is widely recognized as part of American history. In a short period of time the U.S. has represented itself as a powerful and important figure in the world, however its history of transporting people from Africa to the colonies and enslaved greatly stains its reputation. Categorizing the African slaves utilizing derogatory references as a form of dehumanizing them. American literature like Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn provides this sense of r ealism portraying realRead MoreThe Story as Told in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By. Mark Twain Mark Twain s Legendary story of Huckleberry Finn is the tale of a young little-minded orphan boy named Huck, who is the narrator, and tells his story in which he is accompanied by a runaway slave named Jim who both embark on various mischievous adventures down the Mississippi River, Jim who is owned by Huck s care takers Ms.Watson and Widow Douglass is faced with the most challenges in the novel. Throughout the novel Huck Jim are faced withRead MoreThe Banning of Texts Such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most common things banned and or challenged is that of written text. One such text is, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It has been banned in Concord, Massachusetts on the basis of â€Å"it being more suited to the slums than to intelligent respectable people† (Banned 1) and the overall vulgarity of the text. Because of vulgarity and seemingly unintelligent writing, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned and challenged by th e Concord Public Library in Massachusetts and the Brooklyn PublicRead MoreArgumentative Essay Huck Finn958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay: Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be taught in school? Daniel Perez Period 1 10/30/14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel based on the journey Huck, a young boy with an abusive father, and Jim, a runaway slave, have down the Mississippi River to Free states for an end goal of freedom. Freedom means different things to both of them, to Huck freedom means to be able to do what he wants and not be â€Å"sivilized†, while Jim’s definition of freedom isRead MoreBanning The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in Schools1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain might seem like a good book to have high school students read since it’s about a boy named Huckleberry Finn and his adventures through his life by dealing with the struggles that he has or when he finds a runaway slave, named Jim, who is on an island trying to stay hidden so he will not be sold as a slave. Throughout the novel the reader will see that Huck has an adventurous personality, comes to find out who is father is and tr ies to helpRead MoreAnalysis of Literary Techniques For The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain982 Words   |  4 Pages In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Twain paints a colorful portrait of his life growing up in the south. Originally intended to be just a â€Å"fun† narrative about his childhood, Twain’s novel evolved into something much greater by criticising slavery and advocating for the rights of african-americans. The themes that the book represents were revolutionary in their time, something only accomplished through the narratives of Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is aptly named due to it’s perspectivesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1648 Words   |  7 PagesLola Parsapour Mr. Ruddy AP Lang 3 September 2015 The Value in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, developed into one of the most controversial books in America. The basis of this controversy can be summarized briefly for it was the use of racial slur and issues of slavery that caused tension in our society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned for the first time one month after its publication. â€Å"â€Å"Not suitable for trash† was the

Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) - 1562 Words

Human resource management (HRM) is an important strategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the opportunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ‘employment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizations’. However HRM has evolved significantly through the years due to the rapid social, economic, political and environmental changes. The HRM has replaced the personal management in terms of managing workforce and sometimes has a similar description in use. It is claimed that HRM differs from personnel management, being a holistic approach and recognizing people as assets and not†¦show more content†¦Also it is mentioned that employees started to earn wages and be part of a company. Therefore the transformation of the workplace led to another labor division where skilful and qualified people should be identified for the right position. Although the industrial society generated managers and supervisors to organise the workforce, the policies that followed were paternalistic and employees were working under the fear of inadequate safety and prosperity (Dulebohn, Ferris and Stodd 1995). Then, the appearance of welfare workers came to improve employment relationships. Workers started to have personal benefits and amenities, working under better conditions. This approach arrived in order to obstacle unionization and struggles, improving simultaneously the management in order to motivate workers to be more effective and productive. After the civil war welfare work programmes increased to compensate for the union formation and welfare secretaries became part of enterprises to manage them. Welfare secretary was the first form of manager and then evolved in the term personnel manager, where managers are responsible for employee recruitment, selection, payroll, welfare, development, traini ng and exit (Dulebohn, Ferris and Stodd 1995, SOLOMON, BOZGA and MATEESCU 2013). In addition to this evolution new approaches developed for a better management, focusing on the increase of

To Be a White Woman free essay sample

A personal essay on the experiences with race, gender, religion, and social class growing up as a white female in the South. This paper is one womans personal account of her experiences with race, religion and the social class structure of American society. She provides a look at these issues through her childhood, school years and marriage and examines how these influences have shaped her personality and belief system. I am a southern woman, through and through. I was raised in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Florida in a middle class family. Race and gender were very important to those in my family, especially the older generations. My experiences with race were different from those of my older siblings, cousins, parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles. They all had attended segregated schools and lived their childhood almost as a separate species quarantined from the blacks. My school years were spent in segregated schools, some at least 90% black. We will write a custom essay sample on To Be a White Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Much like Dalton Conley expresses in his book Honky, I know all to well what its like to be the minority. This experience sets me apart somewhat from my family. Our childhoods were so different with respect to peers and social activities. I relate more to the younger generation in the family, the nieces and nephews. As the youngest sibling of nine, I am actually closer in age to my brothers and sisters children than I am to them. This has often been a blessing but it has also created a distance between my siblings and myself that I suppose may never completely disappear.

THE MISANTHROPE Essay Summary Example For Students

THE MISANTHROPE Essay Summary A monologue from the play by Moliere NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramatic Works of Moliere, Vol. II. Ed. Charles Heron Wall. London: George Bell Sons, 1898. ALCESTE: No, you labour in vain, and in vain try to argue. Nothing can now deter me from my project; too much perversity reigns in our age, and I am resolved to avoid in future all intercourse with men. What! everyone sees that honour, probity, decency, and the laws are all against my adversary, men publish the justice of my cause, and my mind trusts to the certainty of my right! Yet in the end I am defeated! I have justice on my side, and I lose my cause! A miserable scoundrel, whose shameful history everyone knows, comes off triumphantly, thanks to the blackest falsehood! All good faith yields to his perfidy! He cuts my throat and proves that he is right. The weight of his mean, hypocritical grimace is thrown into the balance, and justice kicks the beam. He gets a decree of court to crown his infamy; and not satisfied with the injury done to me, as there circulates in the world an abominable book, the mere reading of which would be blamable, and which deserves the strictest suppres sion, the paltry scoundrel has the impudence to proclaim me the author! Upon which Oronte is seen to mutter, and basely endeavours to support the calumny! Oronte, who is said at Court to be an honourable man, and to whom I have done no other wrong than to have told him the honest truth. Oronte, who comes to me in spite of myself, eagerly to ask my opinion on verses of his making; and because I speak to him frankly, and betray neither him nor the truth, he helps to crush me with an imaginary crime! He becomes my greatest enemy, and will never forgive me, because, forsooth! I could not find his sonnet good. Sdeath! and men are made thus! It is to such actions that glory leads them! This is the good faith, virtuous zeal, justice, and honour we find among them! No, it is too much to endure all the sorrows their malice can devise against us; I will escape out of this wood, out of this cut-throat place; and since men behave like wolves to each other, the traitors shall never have me among them so long as I am alive.

About the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT)

About the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) Medical schools take several factors into account when considering your application: your transcript, letters of recommendation, and of course, your medical college admissions test, or MCAT, score. What Is the MCAT? The MCAT is a standardized exam designed to measure your aptitude for a career in medicine. It provides medical schools an objective measure of your ability to process and analyze information and attempts to predict your future success in medical school. It also taps your critical thinking skills and problem-solving ability. While not the sole determining factor in acceptance decisions, it provides admissions officers with a basis of comparison for the thousands of applications they review. Who Administers the MCAT? The MCAT is administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges, a nonprofit organization composed of accredited U.S. and Canadian medical schools, major teaching hospitals and professional medical societies. The MCAT Consists of 4 Sections The latest version of the MCAT was rolled out in 2015. Its four sections are: Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological SystemsCritical Analysis and Reasoning SkillsBiological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsPsychological, Social and Biological Foundations of Behavior The critical analysis and reasoning section consists of 53 questions and is 90 minutes long. The other three sections each contain 59 questions that must be answered within 95 minutes per section. When to Take the MCAT The MCAT is administered multiple times between January and September. Take the exam the year before you intend to enroll in medical school (i.e., before you apply). If you think that you might take the MCAT more than once, make your first attempt in January, March, April or May so that you have enough time to get your scores, decide on whether to take it again, register for a seat and prepare. How to Register for the MCAT Seats fill quickly so register well ahead of deadlines. Information about the test, test  centers, and registration details can be found on the Medical College Admissions Test website. How the MCAT Is Scored Each MCAT section is scored individually. Multiple choice questions are scored right or wrong, with wrong answers worth the same as unanswered questions, so dont skip questions. Youll get a score for each of the four sections and then a total score. Section scores range from 118 to 132, and total scores from 472 to 528, with a score of 500 being the midpoint. When to Expect MCAT Scores Scores are released 30 to 35 days after the exam and available online. Your scores are automatically released to the ​American Medical College Application Service, a non-profit centralized application processing service.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism Federalism is a system where final decisions are dispersed among local governments representing specific and sometimes overlapping geographical areas. These governmental units have, as constituents, people of different social, political, moral and economic persuasions. Together with the idea of locally elected officials, self government, and diversity of interests, the federal system can be susceptible to manipulation by narrow local interests and legislation diluted by compromise at the expense of national or regional interests. On the other hand the strength of the federal system lies in its ability to provide access to governmental decision making by those affected. It provides power to all levels of government, requires political flexibility and protects individual liberty. As James Madison argues in the Federalist papers: the smaller the unit of government, the easier it would be for a single interest to dominate it. But these units in a large republic would be so many that they would actually provide more opportunities for relevant issues to be recognized and heard. The system of federal government has, therefore, resulted in a disparity in equality and participation. Citizens are treated differently depending on where they live and the dominating sentiments. Criteria for welfare, legal sanctions, spending programs are quite different among the states and sometimes even among counties. Thus, it was not wholly irrational that blacks were treated differently in the south than in the north, even after emancipation. But these differences are a result of participation in the decision-making process, albeit for conflicting and opposite results. On the up side, there is a competition of sorts among the states in the area of public policy, a market place of social experimentation. Some states are far ahead than others in changing social policy to serve the needs of it ...

Chapter 11 Reorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter 11 Reorganization - Essay Example 2. Background Rural/Metro Corporation is considered to be one of the largest private organizations and is engaged with providing emergency ambulance and fire safety services in the US. It operates in more than 21 states in the country and is estimated to provide services to more than 1.5 million emergency calls. Established in the year 1948, the prime motive of Rural/Metro Corporation has been to provide fire protection services in return of a small subscription fee, in those areas where no emergency facilities existed. Gradually, it became one of the largest medical emergency and fire protection providers. Consequentially, it was made public in the year 1993. Currently, it is owned by Warburg Pincus, LLC, a private equity management firm. The prime economic factor that resulted in filing for Chapter 11 by the organization, owed from inappropriate capital structure, which was formed under different economic conditions resulting in huge interest payment to the creditors (Rural/Metro C orporation, 2013; Indystar.com, 2013). 3. Financial Forecast of Rural/Metro Corporation for Five (5) Years Rural/Metro Corporation is considered to be one of the largest and the most consistent performer in the stock market. The organization has been found to implement new strategies every year that helped in making the financial conditions of the organization stronger. But, it was observed that after the acquisition of the organization by Warburg Pincus, LLC, the organization faced financial problems resulting from inappropriate capital structure that further was connoted as the consequence of rapid fluctuation in the economic condition of the country. According to the annual report of Rural/Metro 2010, it was viewed that the total revenue earned by the company amounted to US$ 133,513,000, which was much more in comparison to 2011-2012 (Rural/Metro Corporation, 2013). With reference to the above mentioned data gathered from the annual report of Rural/Metro for three consecutive yea rs i.e. 2010, 2011 and 2012, it can be viewed that lack of proper financial planning and the increasing rate of interest that was to be paid to the creditors, made the organization file for Chapter 11. However, if proper guidelines and planning were made after the reorganization, it can be stated that Rural/Metro would have been in a better financial position for the coming five years (Rural/Metro Corporation, 2013). 4. Evaluation of the Key Debt Reorganization The key type of debt reorganization that the company had selected to pay of the debts was by making agreements with lenders and bondholders. This technique is considered to be one of the best and simplest methods of collecting funds usually by borrowing or through an agreement. It is also worth mentioning that the agreement is done on a mutual understanding between both the parties, which does not make the borrower liable to pay the borrowed money before the time mentioned in the agreement (Indystar.com, 2013; Krueger, 2002). Theoretically, the three types of debt restructuring processes include general debt restricting, troubled debt restricting and corporate debt restricting. Comparatively, corporate debt restricting can be considered as one of the most beneficial methods for creditors. The main reason behind this is that in this method, the creditors either reduce the rate of interests or

Analysis of Leadership Style and Behavior Essay

Analysis of Leadership Style and Behavior - Essay Example Bill Gates owns transformational leadership and employs the participative leadership style and behavior to convince his subordinate in the most appropriate way. Bill Gates uses its legitimate power to exercise his control over the management of the Microsoft. Table of Contents Content page Introduction 4 Background 4 Analysis of leadership style 4 Analysis of leadership behavior 5 Discussion: Transformative or Transactional leader 6 Discussion: Power sources 8 Legitimate power 8 Coercive power 9 Reward power 9 Information power 9 Expert power 9 Referent power 10 Conclusion 10 References 12 Introduction Transactional leadership provides incentives to followers to carry out certain actions; rewards and incentives are used to attract or motivate followers to carry out such activities. If Bill Gates had transactional leadership traits, it would have not been possible to convert a small innovation company into the empire of Microsoft Company, which has generated revenue of $ 69,943 m in t he fiscal year of 2011; the net income reaching the mark of $ 23, 150 m in the same year. Background Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 and grew up in Seattle with his father William H. Gates II who is a Seattle attorney (News Centre, 2012). Gates mother, Mary Gates was a school teacher in University of Washington regent and chairwoman of United Way International. Bill Gates received elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, Bill Gates found his interest in software and commenced programming computers at the age of 13. Subsequent to that, in 1973, Gates entered Harvard University but he was unable to continue further his studies and after leaving Harvard, he utilized his energy and efforts to Microsoft, which began in 1975 with Paul Allen, a childhood friend of Bill Gates. Under the leadership of Bill Gates, Microsoft mission has been to continually improve software technology along with making it cost effective and more enjoyable for computer users. Leadership style and behavior Analysis Analysis of leadership style Transformational leadership occurs when individuals engage with each other in a way that the follower and the leader raise one another to higher status of motivation and morality. Effective transformational leaders may represent transactional behaviors or traits. But their leadership style also consists of one or more of the characteristics including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and idealized vision (Bass 1985). Participative and delegative leadership style is considerably adopted by Bill Gates. By employing both leadership styles, Bill Gates optimally uses his workforce. He wants them to provide their contribution and participation in the work. And at the same time, he expects them to develop a feeling that they are the significant part of the Microsoft. The advantages of this approach are that the employees would remain motivated and give their best efforts in order to ente rtain the work related goals and objectives. However, some critics contend that Bill Gates uses autocratic approach and prefers to attain his corporate objectives as wants to; Bill Gates adopts bureaucratic management style to achieve the commercial objectives (Management paradise, n.d.). Analysis of leadership behavior Transformational leadership supports behaviors attached with inspirational motivations (e.g., expressing a vision that followers find meaningful but challenging),

Analysis Of Business Environment For Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Analysis Of Business Environment For Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example The company can minimize weaknesses and fight threats to improve financial and training systems and undertake staff motivational initiatives to minimize risks associated with new markets and increase competitive advantage as well as constantly build expertise in the firm to minimize chances of the firm undertaking risky business internationally such as the experiences seen during the global financial crisis. Also, technological advancements in the industry may be useful to increase competition. Using SWOT analysis, the company should be able to focus on its strengths, curtail threats, and take the utmost possible gain of opportunities available, and trigger aggressive strategy formulation. The firm has a better understanding of its competitors which can provide insights to craft a coherent and successful competitive position. To maintain and/or increase customer loyalty, the company should employ strategies that jealously guard its existing market share and also explore ways of expan ding the customer base to grow revenue and increase business performance. Product differentiation based on customer segments is one of the strategies the company can use. The company should also explore the strengths and limitations of its competitors by interrogating the soft spots of alternative products to strengthen its products. Other strategies may include going an extra mile to know its customers better, meet and exceed customer expectations, increase value derived by customers from its products.

Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership

Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership Compare and contrast between Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership. What are the significant differences between the two leadership models? Give relevant examples. 1.0 What is Leadership? Leadership has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist or procure the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. It is the way of organizing a group of people for the purpose of achieving a common goal. A leader is the person to who is capable of guiding, inspiring and associating others with the dream goal. In addition, there are various types of leadership models which include transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and charismatic leadership and so on. In this contest, transactional leadership and transformational leadership will be compared and contrasted. 2.0 Description Transactional Leadership Transactional leadership is a term used to classify a formally known group leadership theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and followers. A transactional leader focuses more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals. The transactional leadership style developed by Bass is based on the hypothesis that followers are motivated through a system of rewards and punishment. The transactional leaders view of the leader / follower relationship is one of quid pro quo or this for that. If the follower does something good, then they will be rewarded. If the follower does something wrong, then they will be punished. Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a variety of mechanisms. These include connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization; being a role model for followers that inspires them; challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance. The theory behind transformational leaders, on the other hand is based, on the hypothesis that leaders can exploit a need of the follower. These particular needs are not based on quid pro quo transactions, but higher order needs. These needs are those of the total person, and are closely aligned with the internal motivational factors of the follower. So at one end of the spectrum we have transactional leaders that are making many deals with those being led. On the other end of the spectrum, we have transformational leaders, which are looking to satisfy a greater need of an individual. 3.0 Mission Transactional Leader: approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Burns pursues a cost benefit, economic exchange to met subordinates current material and psychic needs in return for contracted services rendered by the subordinate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Bass Here, transformational leaders make exchange of work with their followers for benefit or rewards. Followers are motivated with the rewards being given. Transformational Leader: recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential followerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (and) looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Burns The leader who recognizes the transactional needs in potential followers but tends to go further, seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs, to engage the full person of the follower à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a higher level of need according to Maslows hierarchy of needs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bass Here, transformational leaders tend to focus on the move to change the followers and the organization. In addition, as explained by Bass, the transactional leaders focus on the organizational work within the organizational culture as the way it exists; on the other hand, the transformational leaders try to bring changes to the organizational culture. 4.0 Personal characteristics Transactional Directive Dominating Action-Oriented Transformational Self Confident Assertive Seizes Opportunities Tolerates Risk Uses Systems Thinking 5.0 Characteristics of Transactional leaders 1. Contingent rewards: Transactional leaders link the goal to rewards, clarify expectations, provide necessary resources, set mutually agreed upon goals, and provide various kinds of rewards for successful performance. They set SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely) goals for their subordinates. These leaders work on some aspects which include; Exchange of rewards for effort contracted. Rewards for achieving goals promised. Accomplishments recognized. Clear goals and recognition once they are reached is held to result in individuals and groups achieving expected levels of performance. 2. Management by exception (active): Transactional leaders actively monitor the work of their subordinates, watch for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action to prevent mistakes. These personalities also include; Standards specified by leader. Deviations are searched from the rules and standards. Corrective action taken quickly if necessary. May involve follower punishment. 3. Management by exception (passive): Transactional leaders intervene only when standards are not met or when the performance is not as per the expectations. They may even use punishment as a response to unacceptable performance. These leaders have some uniqueness which include; Leader awaits emergence of problems before acting. Intervenes only if standards are not met. 4. Passive-avoidant/Laissez-faire: The leader provides an environment where the subordinates get many opportunities to make decisions. The leader himself abdicates responsibilities and avoids making decisions and therefore the group often lacks direction. This can also be explained as; Agreements are not specified; there are no expectations set; and goals and standards are avoided. 6. 0 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership 1. Charisma or idealized influence The degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways that cause followers to identify with the leader. Charismatic leaders display convictions, take stands and appeal to followers on an emotional level. This is about the leader having a clear set of values and demonstrating them in every action, providing a role model for their followers. 2. Inspirational motivation The degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning provide the energy that drives a group forward. It is also important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by skills that allow the leader to articulate his or her vision with precision and power in a compelling and persuasive way. 3. Intellectual stimulation The degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, takes risks and solicits followers ideas. Leaders with this trait stimulate and encourage creativity in their followers. 4. Individualized consideration or individualized attention The degree to which the leader attends to each followers needs, acts as a mentor or coach to the follower and listens to the followers concerns and needs. This also encompasses the need to respect and celebrate the individual contribution that each follower can make to the team (it is the diversity of the team that gives it its true strength). Transformational Leaders Motivating for performance beyond expectations. Inspiring for missions beyond self interest. Instilling confidence to achieve performance. Transformational leadership goes beyond transactional leadership. Transactional Leaders Motivating for performance at expected levels. Initiating structure to clarify the task and roles. Stressing the link between reward and goal achievement. Uses agreed upon performance to motivate. Performance beyond expectations 7.0 Assumptions Transformational leaders People get inspired by a person then they will follow that person. Great things can be achieved by person with vision and passion. Things are gotten done by the way they are injected with enthusiasm and energy. Transactional Leaders Followers/Employees are motivated by reward and punishment. Orders are given by the superiors, and the subordinates have to obey the orders. These subordinates are not self-motivated rather they need to be intimately monitored and controlled in order to get the work done from them. 8.0 Differences Transitional leaders Transactional leaders are aware of the link between the effort and reward Transactional leadership is responsive and its basic orientation is dealing with present issues Transactional leaders rely on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment and sanction to control followers Transactional leaders motivate followers by setting goals and promising rewards for desired performance Transactional leadership depends on the leaders power to reinforce subordinates for their successful completion of the bargain. Transformational leaders Transformational leaders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond the framework of what may be described as exchange relations Transformational leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followers Transformational leaders are distinguished by their capacity to inspire and provide individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence to their followers Transformational leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and stimulate followers to solve problems Transformational leaders possess good visioning, rhetorical and management skills, to develop strong emotional bonds with followers Transformational leaders motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest. In addition, the below table will give a detailed contrast of the differences between Transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leadership of the status quo. Effective in stable organizations and contexts. More likely to be observed in a well-ordered society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leadership of change (within leaders, followers and organizations). Important in times of distress and rapid and destabilizing change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focuses on social and economic exchanges between leaders and followers, using contingent rewards and administrative actions to reinforce positive and reform negative behaviors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focuses on organizational objectives and organizational change by disseminating new values and seeking alternatives to existing arrangements. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leader-follower relationship sees each exchange needs and services to satisfy their independent objectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leader-follower relationship sees purposes of both become fused, leading to unity and shared purpose. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivates followers by appealing to their own self-interest (for example, pay, and promotion). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attempts to raise follower needs (following Maslows hierarchy) to higher levels (for example, self-esteem) and to develop followers into leaders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Based on directive power acts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Based on interaction and influence. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Follower response based on compliance. Supervision likely to be important. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Follower response based on commitment. Supervision may be minimal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leadership act takes place but leaders and followers not bound together in mutual pursuit of higher purpose. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Founded on peoples need to make a living by completing tasks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Founded on peoples need for meaning. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focuses on situational authority, politics and perks. Involves values, but typically those required for successful exchange relationships (for example, reciprocity, and integrity). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focuses on personal power, values, morals and ethics. May be demonstrated by anyone in an organization in any type of position. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Emphasis on day-to-day affairs, business needs short-term goals and quantitative information. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Transcends daily affairs, concentrating on long-term issues. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Leader-follower relationship may be established quickly. A relatively impersonal relationship maintained only as long as benefits outweigh costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ May take time for leader-follower bonds to develop. A personal relationship that may persist when costs outweigh benefits. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tends to be transitory. Once a transaction is completed, relationship may need to be redefined. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tends to be enduring. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Emphasizes tactical issues. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Emphasizes missions and strategies for achieving them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Typically involves working within current systems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ May involve redesigning of jobs to make them more meaningful and challenging. Emphasizes realization of human potential. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supports structures and systems that emphasize outcomes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Aligns structures and systems to overarching values and goals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Follower counseling focuses on evaluation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Follower counseling focuses on personal development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Atomistic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on teleological perspective (that is to say, based on consequences). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on deontological perspective (that is to say, based on promises). In addition to the above table, their differences can also be categorized as the following; Basis Servant or steward Leadership Transformational leaders have idealized vision. They are likable and honorable hero that worth imitating and identifying. They lead to promote change in the environment. On the other hand, Transactional leaders have the basis of exchange process. They work on mutual need satisfying, giving rewards for job performance. They lead to promote stability in the workplace. Leadership development Transformational leaders tend to have more power. They empower and energize their followers excel. They re-engineer their followers. On the other hand, Transactional leaders design structures, control and reward system in their workplace to improve effectiveness and efficiency. Lead by example Transformational leaders are charismatic. They handle and meet individuals needs. As well, they upgrade the level of the needs. On the other hand, Transactional leaders possess different types of leadership style, using the right style at the necessary time. Proactive change agent Transformational leaders make an effort to inspire their followers to help them change and transcend their selves for greater purposes. On the other hand, Transactional leaders reward their followers in terms of their performance. They are reactive to change at instances. Vision creator propagandist Transformational leaders make effort to create a vision of desired future state. They communicate pain of change that worth the effort. On the other hand, Transactional leaders focus on company goals and objectives. They make sure the needed goals are achieved. 9.0 Examples Transactional Leadership In this kind of leadership, a clear chain of command is established. The leader motivates his subordinates by presenting them rewards and punishments. All requirements for a subordinate are clearly stated with corresponding rewards. If they fail to satisfy those requirements, they will receive a corresponding punishment. A couple of famous examples of transactional leaders are Joseph McCarthy and Charles de Gaulle. Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders lead by motivating by their followers. Leaders appeal to their followers ideals and morals to motivate them in accomplishing their tasks. Basically, these kinds of leaders empower their followers using their own beliefs and personal strengths. Simply put, they inspire their followers. Famous transformational leaders include Martin Luther King Jr. and Walt Disney. 10.0 Conclusion Finally, the transactional style of leadership is viewed as insufficient, but not bad, in developing the maximum leadership potential. It forms as the basis for more mature interactions but care should be taken by leaders not to practice it exclusively, otherwise it will lead to the creation of an environment permeated by position, power, perks, and politics. On the other hand, transformational Leadership by definition, seek to transform. When the organization does not need transforming and people are happy as they are, then such a leader will be frustrated. Like wartime leaders, however, given the right situation they come into their own and can be personally responsible for saving entire companies.

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy :: Eliot Wasteland Maddy Essays

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy Mortal loss and the appreciation for life are very important concepts in writing. Both T.S. Eliot and Yulisa Amadu Maddy use this concept very heavily in their writing styles. T. S. Eliot’s major theme in The Waste Land surrounds death and World War One. The title The Waste Land, gives the reader a feeling of being lost in a world of waste and hopeless causes. The first part of the poem, The Waste Land, is titled, "The Burial of the Dead." This negative title gives the reader a sense of gloom and death. The title is very indicative of what is to come later on in the poem. The novel, No Past No Present No Future, by Yulisa Amadu Maddy is very dark and its title gives the audience a sense of hopelessness and no sense of direction. The reader feels that if he or she is not in the past, present, or future, then where is he or she in the circle of life? The beginnings of both pieces of literature give the reader a feeling of being lost and being depressed. Both works, The Waste Lan d and No Past No Present No Future, deal with death and mortal loss, and both authors, Eliot and Maddy use death to show the audience how important life is. In the first couple of lines in The Waste Land Eliot says, "April is the cruellest month, breeding/ Lilacs out of the dead land," (lines 1-2). Breeding Lilacs gives a sense of hope for life, but at the same time, attached to April and its dead land, we are returned to the aspect of death. T.S. Eliot later in the poem states he "will show you fear in a handful of dust," which is a sign of human mortality, and Eliot describes in his poem the appreciation for life because of the threat of mortal loss. Eliot talks about how "the dead tree gives no shelter"(l.23). Without life we have no shelter and no water or the necessities in nature. The examples of the dead and their inadequacy of shelter and water, gives the readers an understanding of what is needed to live. A living being must have shelter and water, and an example without it heightens the appreciation of life. Eliot goes on to talk about the brown fog of London and how all of the people are hanging their heads looking at their fe et.

Dreams in of mice and men Essay

Of Mice and Men Dreams Of Mice and Men is set in Salinas, California in the 1930s Great Depression. Life was hard and men could be cruel. Hope might be the only escape from hard reality. This links to the American Dream – represented in George and Lennie’s dream of working hard and getting their own land and farm, and control over their own lives. But it was harder than ever to achieve due to the tough economic conditions of the Depression. After Lennie’s death, it might be possible for George to realise his dream, but the emptiness at the end of the novel shows that financial success is nothing when you are lonely. So the dream is not just something to own, or possess, but also something to share. ‘Compassion and love’, to Steinbeck – as outlined in his Nobel Prize speech are the most important things, as is ‘hope’ – having a dream. Lennie and George have a fairly simple dream: to own a small farm, and be their own bosses, which contrasts with the large factory type farm they are on, where men are treated like machines, which are frequently broken (Crooks and Candy), and isolated from each other. George repeats his and Lennie’s dream like a mantra: ‘we got a future’, suggesting that they are different to the others. ‘Future’ here is a metaphor for something bright, and greater than what they have now – like the American Dream to ‘live off the fatta the land’. The phrase ‘fat of the land’ almost suggests a biblical promised land after the hard, ‘wilderness’ years. The function of the dream therefore is to help them to endure hardship and not give in to despair. They want control of their own lives: ‘we’ll just say the hell with goin to work’. This can make them seem naive however, as farmers have to work whether they want to or not – especially smallholders. When George sets out the dream, he then says that he and Lennie are ‘not like those other guys’. The dream sets George and Lennie apart from the others; they make themselves special: in the inclusive ‘we’ against the exclusive ‘those other guys’. The juxtaposition of ‘us’ and ‘them’ verbally bonds the protagonists together in contrast to the other men – even though they are all, George, Lennie, Crooks, Candy, in the same situation. Still, George and Lennie separate themselves from the others by using the third person to describe farm hands as, ‘the loneliest guys in the world.’ The superlative ‘loneliest’ and hyperbole ‘in the world’ exaggerates the harshness of the world of the Depression as shown in the novel. Sometimes it seems that George ‘owns’ the dream – as he is the one who tells it to Lennie, like a child’s bedtime story, prayer or mantra, in keeping with his role as ‘parent/protector’ to his child-like companion. This is emphasised by the simple, mantra-like structure, where Lennie keeps filling in the gaps if George hesitates, and repeating short phrases after him as if he knows it by heart, even though – as George says frustratedly, Lennie always ‘forgets’ everything else. It is not always certain if George believes the dream is possible or if he is saying it to keep Lennie quiet. Sometimes, George seems sceptical, saying they will have ‘every colour rabbits’ including ‘red and blue’. He is patronising to Lennie, saying ‘good boy’, keeping him safe from his own stupidity. In these scenes the dream seems more of a spell or placebo to keep the main characters safe than something that is really possible. Other characters are very cynical about the dream. The reader is made to question how realistic these dreams are. Curley’s wife dreams of when she threw away the chance to become famous, but we can see that her dream is a sham. Of George and Lennie’s dream, Crooks says: ‘every damn one of them’s got a little piece of land in his head’. Crooks’ final judgement is that ‘never a God damn one of ‘em ever gets it.’ The repetition of the absolute ‘never’ and ‘ever’, as well as the strong slang ‘God damn’ emphasises how desperate life is. However, it is not certain whether Steinbeck shares Crooks’ negative view. Crooks is an extreme character. His language is hyperbole – very extreme and relentlessly negative. Crooks’ phrase ‘God damn’ suggests that God has abandoned these men, in contrast to the biblical image of hope in George and Lennie’s dream of living ‘off the fatta the land’. The biblical imagery continues negatively when Crooks compares the dream of land to being ‘like Heaven’ – the Christian idea of perfect bliss, not considered a physical reality – and which Crooks says is just as impossible to get as a piece of land. It’s hard for George to keep Lennie out of trouble and keep them on track for their dream. But when they tell Candy, it starts to seem as if it might be possible. [needs evidence/ quotation/ language analysis] In an instant, Candy’s faith (and money) take them close to the ideal/dream becoming real. As the dream is shared, or heard by more people, the more it seems that together they might make it come true. Even the ultra negative Crooks starts to believe.[needs evidence/ quotation/ language analysis] But all the time, Steinbeck has built up a foreboding feeling, that this world is hard and horrible and nothing good can live in it. We feel that the gentleness of Lennie and George’s friendship, and their shared dream, will be crushed by the cruel world – even by Lennie’s desire for gentle, soft things. ‘I like soft things’ Every time he kills an animal – mouse or puppy, Lennie’s biggest, darkest fear is that he won’t be allowed ‘to tend the rabbits’. The dream is so precious to him that he wants it at any cost. Curley’s wife is lonely and wants someone to listen to her dream. [needs evidence/ quotation/ language analysis] When she finds Lennie in the barn, she lets him stroke her hair. When she starts screaming, Lennie screams at her to stop or ‘George won’t let me tend the rabbits’. She’s so frightened that she can’t stop and Lennie accidentally kills her. In a way, Lennie’s desire to keep the dream (by keeping Curley’s wife quiet – and smothering her) is the thing that has destroyed it. The irony of this makes it even more poignant. When Candy discovers what has happened all he wants to know is that he and George can still get the farm. [needs evidence/ quotation/ language analysis] He loses sight of human decency – the woman is dead and Lennie will soon die too. Steinbeck makes us ask whether any dream of financial prosperity should be more important than human life? Should we try to get it at any cost? At the end, George tells Lennie the ‘fairy story’ of the dream again – to make him happy at the moment he has to kill the dream of togetherness by shooting him in the head. He almost can’t speak because he is so upset. [needs evidence/ quotation/ language analysis] Even though George could still have the farm with Candy, he is deeply sad that he couldn’t keep Lennie alive. Because the dream isn’t worth much when he doesn’t have his old friend to share it with. Lennie loved the dream more than anyone and he never gets it.

One dark body essays

One dark body essays One race, enslaved for hundreds of years and taken away from their homeland, only to awake in foreign territories completely conflicting with their racial and native cultural heritage. The Africana heritage is a deep, intrinsic one with roots tied to the earliest know human existence, but within today's society, their ancestry has been created to be multi-cultural and shifted away from their original identity. But identity, with its prismatic and multi-layered dimensions which include racial, cultural, gender, national, and transnational ideals - is a precarious and contested category. The African identity wasn't always this perverse or questioned. With the development of America, many different races were formed and rearranged to fit the norms and standards of the new land, which was thought to be superior. Do you think the Africana people wanted to be taken out of their land, out of their heritage, out of their culture, to assimilate within a society not like anything they had ever seen or probably wanted to see? Du Bois, W.E.B., a black American historian and sociologist, put it perfectly when he made a statement on the ambiguity of the black identity: "One feels his two-ness - An American, a Negro, two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings, two warring ideals in one dark body." This is describing the Africana experience within America and expressing an effort that black Americans were attempting to reconcile with their Africana heritage with their pride in being U.S. citizens. The pride, though in today's society might hold true - was originally a forced pride in an attempt to declare that this was the land of the free and brave, but hey, for now you are the slaves with no rights. Africana cinema deals with all of these aspects within the films. Through the films, some express black identity with political struggl ...

Financial Crisis in Iceland Essay Example

Financial Crisis in Iceland Essay Example Financial Crisis in Iceland Paper Financial Crisis in Iceland Paper This assignment is part of ECM04 Economics of Capital Markets module on phase 2 in MSc. Finance and Investment at University of Brighton 2008-2009. The assignment is to analyze the Icelandic financial crisis which eventually led to the collapse of the Icelandic banking system and the economy as a whole. In order to analyse the Icelandic financial crisis we will begin to look at the background and what we regard as the causes, look at the consequences and future prospects. In the end we compare the Icelandic financial crisis to a model which Kindleberger covers in his book Manias, Panics and Crashes. Kindleberger (1978) describes financial crisis in the following way: What happens, basically, is that some event changes the economic outlook. New opportunities for profits are seized, and overdone, in ways so closely resembling irrationality as to constitute a mania. Once the excessive character of the upswing is realized, the financial system experiences a sort of distress, in the course of which the rush to reverse the expansion process may become so precipitous as to resemble panic. In the manic phase, people of wealth or credit switch out of money or borrow to buy real or illiquid financial assets. In panic, the reverse movement takes place, from real or financial assets to money, or repayment of debt, with a crash in the prices of commodities, houses buildings, land, stocks, and bonds in short, in whatever has been the subject of the mania. Background Causes European Economic Area Icelandic government control over the economy has reduced over time. The most dominant decision was when Iceland entered the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994. When Iceland joined the EEA it got access to European markets and adopted European regulations. : Joining the EEA had a positive impact on the economy, however opening an insular economy to the EEA without significant institutional reforms carried with it dangers. Neither the Icelandic authorities nor private firms were prepared to operate in such an environment. This is especially relevant in the case of banking where the aim of Icelandic government was to build up financial centre in Iceland. To be able to build up financial centre it was very important to join EES in order to have access to European markets and adopt European regulations. This was new experience for Iceland to have the access to foreign capital because for most of the 20th century the economy was heavily regulated. (Dani elsson Zoega, 2009) Free Capital Transfer and Privatization of the Banks In continuance of EEA agreement, Icelandic government decided to privatize the three biggest banks which started 1997 and was fully completed in 2003. The new owners of the banks had little or no experience of international banking, the same applied for the Icelandic government. When Iceland accessed EEA, it faced full freedom in export and import of capital transfer among other things and the new owners of the banks began to expand the old commercial banks into investment banking. The new investment banks could get cheap capital which was easy at that time. Figure 1 shows how foreign debts have increased since Iceland got independent and it is interesting to see how the foreign debts increased dramatically when the banks had been fully privatized in 2003. (i lafssson, 2008) Figure 1: Shows foreign debts of the Icelandic economy gross dept, long term debts and net foreign debts, in proportion of GDP. Source: i lafsson, 2008 Figure 1 illustrates how easy it was to get capital at that time and the new owners of the banks forced ahead on the capital markets to finance their investments abroad. Foreign debts of the Icelandic economy were seven times GDP just four years after privatization of the banks. The study of financial economics teach us that when foreign debts increase enormously, real estate and stock price rise, there is obvious signs of increasing risk of financial crisis. (Kindleberger, 1978) Figure 2: Shows net debts of the national economy year 2005, in multi-national comparison foreign and domestic debts in proportion of GDP. Source: i lafsson, 2008 Immediately in 2005, two years after the privatization of the banks, Iceland had become most indebted OECD country in the world, as can be seen from figure 2 (i lafsson, 2008). According to the picture the situation in Iceland was already worth of criticism in 2005, with net foreign debts around 125% of GDP. (Siguri sson Svavarsson, 2007) The banking expansion was the source of the rapid economic growth that took place between 2003 and 2007. It enabled households and firms to take advantage of the abundance of low-interest funds in international capital markets to finance domestic investment and consumption, as well as the acquisition of domestic and foreign firms. Because the banks got fund in the international wholesale market this was an externally financed boom. The inflow of capital had a predictable effect on the exchange rate, the stock market and the current account as can be seen in table 1 in Appendix B. (Dani elsson Zoega, 2009) Speculation Capitalism in Iceland The objects of speculation will differ from boom to boom and crisis to crisis. The alternative explanation of the un-sober upswing goes back to Irving Fisher, which emphasizes that the real rate of interest was too low. Prices rise on the upswing, while interest rates lag. This implies a fall in the real rate of interest. With real interest rates falling, and profit prospects either rising or steady, rational investors expand. Speculation often develops in two stages. In the first, sober stage of investment, households, firms, investors, or other actors respond to a displacement in a limited and rational way. In the second, capital gains play a dominating role. The first taste is for high interest, but that taste soon becomes secondary. There is a second appetite for large gains to make by selling the principal (Kindleberger, 1978). The Icelandic bubble fits well within the framework of Kindleberger regarding the destabilizing effects of speculative finance. The Icelandic bubble started with the excitement generated by the privatization and deregulation of financial institutions, and appear unlimited access to foreign capital markets at low interest rates. The capital inflows stimulated economic growth, the outlook brightened, further increasing the willingness to borrow. Asset prices started to rise. Euphoria developed, increasingly high-risk borrowers found easy access to capital, risk appetites increased, and firms and individuals started to borrow for speculative reasons. Borrowing on the margin to buy equities became a popular activity. Banks competition for market share intensified and they lent to increasingly high-risk borrowers. A real estate bubble ensued, fuelled by seemingly unlimited bank lending. Many of the largest asset shareholders of the Icelandic banks, was highly leveraged, were facing difficulties. Investigations has detected that largest shareholders resorted to borrowing from their own banks to buy bank stock, with a view to prop up the price. The collateral behind the loans was only the bought bank stocks. In the end, of course, the entire structure collapsed. (Dani elsson Zoega, 2007).

African American history and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African American history and culture - Essay Example A critical question that other people could ask is the existence of religion of Africa American society. A great number of African American people are Protestant Christian. In addition, the African American society was Muslim. About 14 % of the African American were of this religion, Muslim. Apart from Christianity and Muslim, the other religions include Judaism and Buddhism among many other religions. Knowing that the religion of the African American would be of great importance when it comes to illustrating the life that the African American people as slaves.There are also life events that can be used to examine the history and culture of African American society. They observed their life events in accordance with their culture. This is one of the groups that had its unique traditions that make it easier for people to identify them with. Also, they came with the rite of passages that are associated with African traditions. There was a class for preteens and teenagers, which was des igned specifically for preparing them for adulthood. Some of the developed rites of passage are still important this day since they are meant for shaping the character of the individual, hence making the African American culture be of great value.Despite the fact that there are many questions that one would ask about the African American history and culture, there are several positive things that have come as a result of it. Moreover, the life of African American people has been transformed.

Barker v. Wingo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barker v. Wingo - Essay Example Of the six Manning trials, four emerged erroneous prompting new trials. On February 1963, Barker’s trial was scheduled after finding Manning guilty of the murders. Two more trials were done for Barker, who tried to have his case dismissed for having been denied speedy trial right. This was rejected and he was convicted and issued with a life sentence. Barker’s appeal for the decision finally ended up at the Supreme Court. Any inflexible rule cannot determine the constitutional right of the defendant to a speedy trial, but an ad hoc balancing basic can be used instead where the conduct of the prosecution is weighed against the defendant’s. The court decided that the defendant was never denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial. In the case, after establishing that no serious prosecution prejudice existed and that the defendant never wanted speedy trial, the court concluded that Barker’s constitutional right to a speedy trial was not violated. Barker delayed to object the delays until after their occurrence. When a defendant has the intention of having a speedy trial, he has an obligation to actively invoke it. The Court decision was thus on

Four components of an information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Four components of an information system - Essay Example Software consists of the programs and manuals written to run the hardware. Software process the instructions issued by humans and relay them to the hardware. Data is what is entered into the information system (Hurson 36). It can consist of numbers or words fed into the system through typing or other means. Humans are the people who issue commands and manage the system, while processes are the steps followed in running information system. For instance, when using a computer there is a defined procedure for switching it on or off, or performing other standard operations that help to run it. It is important to consider all the aforementioned components when designing an information system because they are the fundamental parts that make it work. It cannot run without any of these components, so it is quite obvious that they must feature in its design (Stair and Reynolds 13). For example, it would be useless to design a car without a steering wheel or a fuel tank because such parts make it what it is. Information systems are probably the most common aspect of human activities in the 21st century. People use information systems to make processes easier to execute, as well as to enhance their quality of life. It is expected that information systems will become more complex as time goes, embedding themselves deeper in our lives (Stair and Reynolds

Tj Eckleburg Essay Example for Free

Tj Eckleburg Essay The eyes of TJ Eckleburg symbolizes the destruction of the American Dream. Evidence: Billboard fading, Main characters going into NYC to commit corruption and the Eyes looking upon the death of Myrtle. Like spiritual values, the billboard is neglected. â€Å"But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days, under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground†. â€Å"This is a valley of ashes – a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of ash-grey men, who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air. † The hollowness that the author describes the eyes and how its faded represents the neglect and destruction of the American dream and how it looks upon only the material wealth and not the morals of people. The eyes are also set in the valley of ashes where the poor lived and it represents the hollowness of the American dream and that its a big lie and that that gold will turn into ashes. Corruption of the American society/dream. Tom go on his affairs with Myrtle, watches Gatsby drives to meet Wolfshiem to bootleg, and watches Daisy go find new thrills with Gatsby. The eyes watches how the main characters go in and out of NYC to commit corruption. George said â€Å"God knows what youve been doing, everything youve been doing. You may fool me but you cant fool God†. George is referring to the eyes and how you can fool everyone but the eyes know what you have done and what corruption you have contributed to the American dream. What these main character do shapes how we see the American dream and it tells us it can lead to destruction. The eyes watch as Myrtle’s American dreams died along with her. Eyes see how Myrtle and Toms affair began Watched it grow, watched how desperate she wants to live the American dream. She had it but to only die because of it. She got hit by Toms car and died in front of the eyes. The eyes saw the whole affair between Tom and Myrtle from beginning to end. Mrtyle yearns to live the American dream so she has an affair with Tom. Eventually the American dream caught up to her and she neglected her values and rushed out to a fast moving toms car and got it. This signifies the end of the American dream and shows you that the hollowness of this dream and that one day gold will turn into ashes as Myrtle dies in front of the eyes in the valley of ashes. They eyes of TJ Eckleburg reflects the destruction of the American dream. Like spiritual values, the billboard is neglected, corruption of the American society/dream and the eyes watch as Myrtle’s American dreams died along with her. The eyes of TJ Eckleburg shows us that the American dream is a big lie and that all good things come to an end, that gold can become ash. The corruption and pain that the American dream brings onto you and to others is not wroth that lifestyle.

The Internet :: Web Cyberspace Technology Essays

The Internet The Internet will not start cooking your food or doing your laundry. Despite what some people may say, people are still going to have to perform the every day task of living even if they have DSL or cable modem access to the Internet. However, the Internet will help make the arduous task of living easier and more fulfilling - just like every other communication technology before it. The Internet has the potential to shape the future of the world in many ways, one of which is the preservation of past traditions, values and beliefs by way of its incredible ability for facilitating communication. After all, the Internet is all about communication. The ability to email someone on the other side of the world something so many people point to as being the awesomeness of the Internet. While certainly impressive, the quick communication can create a significant detachment that deviates from a core human requirement. In David Batstone's article "Network Democracy" (Batstone 1), he makes an im portant observation about online communities, or network as he puts it. He argues that online communities will not save everyone that shows up at the door of a community. He explains that there is a difference between "connection and belonging", which is the essence of a successful community. Belonging rather than connecting is not, however, something that will change the way that people interact. The "old world" communities of homes, shopping centers and parks have been doing this for years, decades, centuries, millennia. The foundation of successful communities is the sharing of similar beliefs, values and interests. When one converses with an upstate New Yorker that works in the city, they will find some shared interests with a Manhattan citizen that works in the city. However, there will be a fundamental difference between the two. They may even share the same professional community, their respective home communities are different. The very fact that there are separate religions, countries, states and cities are a testament that belonging rather than connecting has been around much longer than the networks of the new millennium. So why is there such a disconnect between so many citizens of the old world communities and their offline communities? Many people are born into their offline communities. We have little to no choice, for the first several years of our lives, about where we can live and to what community we will subscribe.

Health & Safety Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Great Atlantic and Pacific Company of Canada is committed to providing both employees and customers with a safe and healthy working and shopping environment. All reasonable efforts will be made to eliminate hazardous conditions and unsafe practices from the workplace†. We will be examining how Dominion takes precaution to protect workers, provides information, instruction and supervision to workers to protect their health and safety, and how they advise workers of potential or actual hazards in the workplace and how to deal with them. We will also look at the actions taken when there is an accident, and audits and inspections that are involved to protect and correct areas in the company. Taking precaution in circumstances for the protection of a worker is accomplished through many different ways. For example, Dominion provides the butchers with metal gloves and aprons to protect them from a knife slipping and cutting them. The also provide the Photo lab with protective goggles, a splatter apron and plastic gloves to protect them from having hazardous chemicals spilling on them that may cause serious damage to their skin or eyes. To protect their workers and customers we wet floor signs are provided to warn people to walk with caution. The employees are provided with clip-on ties, which is a cautionary measure that is taken so that we are not strangled if our ties get caught. Every department has an eye wash station and a first aid kit that are provided so that an injury may be given attention to right a way to prevent any further damage. Taking precaution helps to minimize accidents and protects the employer because the equipment is provided and therefore should be use, and if the equipment is not used and training was provided then that employee is at fault. The employees are provided with information, instruction and supervision to protect their health and safety. Some examples are the signs that are posted up in our lunch room and in our departments to keep us informed and reminded about the proper ways of lifting heavy items, proper standing posture, and exercises that can be done to reduce injury. We are also provided with WHIMS, food handling and cooking training to protect our employees and customers. WHIMS’ training is for our photo lab employees that are dealing with the chemicals from the machine. The fool handling and cooking trainin... ...tee does not recognise some of the actions that are taken by employees that may be dangerous. For instance, our grocery department will stand on our product trucks so that they can reach the top shelf. They will also wheel themselves down the isle so that they do not have to get up and down from a stool. This I find is very unsafe and our store manger does not say anything to these employees nor does our health and safety committee. This sort of action should not be allowed and there should be consequences if you are caught using the trucks in that matter. The manger does not take health and safety seriously until head office comes into the store and this really effects how others look at the matter. If the manger will not participate in making sure that the employees are following correct procedure then how is the health and safety committee suppose to enforce things. We are a very clean store and this is due to the audit and inspections. If it were not for these audits I could see our store falling into a bad situation. It is reassuring that there is a responsibility put on the manger to comply with regulation and procedures so that we do work in a safe and healthy environment. Health & Safety Essay -- essays research papers â€Å"The Great Atlantic and Pacific Company of Canada is committed to providing both employees and customers with a safe and healthy working and shopping environment. All reasonable efforts will be made to eliminate hazardous conditions and unsafe practices from the workplace†. We will be examining how Dominion takes precaution to protect workers, provides information, instruction and supervision to workers to protect their health and safety, and how they advise workers of potential or actual hazards in the workplace and how to deal with them. We will also look at the actions taken when there is an accident, and audits and inspections that are involved to protect and correct areas in the company. Taking precaution in circumstances for the protection of a worker is accomplished through many different ways. For example, Dominion provides the butchers with metal gloves and aprons to protect them from a knife slipping and cutting them. The also provide the Photo lab with protective goggles, a splatter apron and plastic gloves to protect them from having hazardous chemicals spilling on them that may cause serious damage to their skin or eyes. To protect their workers and customers we wet floor signs are provided to warn people to walk with caution. The employees are provided with clip-on ties, which is a cautionary measure that is taken so that we are not strangled if our ties get caught. Every department has an eye wash station and a first aid kit that are provided so that an injury may be given attention to right a way to prevent any further damage. Taking precaution helps to minimize accidents and protects the employer because the equipment is provided and therefore should be use, and if the equipment is not used and training was provided then that employee is at fault. The employees are provided with information, instruction and supervision to protect their health and safety. Some examples are the signs that are posted up in our lunch room and in our departments to keep us informed and reminded about the proper ways of lifting heavy items, proper standing posture, and exercises that can be done to reduce injury. We are also provided with WHIMS, food handling and cooking training to protect our employees and customers. WHIMS’ training is for our photo lab employees that are dealing with the chemicals from the machine. The fool handling and cooking trainin... ...tee does not recognise some of the actions that are taken by employees that may be dangerous. For instance, our grocery department will stand on our product trucks so that they can reach the top shelf. They will also wheel themselves down the isle so that they do not have to get up and down from a stool. This I find is very unsafe and our store manger does not say anything to these employees nor does our health and safety committee. This sort of action should not be allowed and there should be consequences if you are caught using the trucks in that matter. The manger does not take health and safety seriously until head office comes into the store and this really effects how others look at the matter. If the manger will not participate in making sure that the employees are following correct procedure then how is the health and safety committee suppose to enforce things. We are a very clean store and this is due to the audit and inspections. If it were not for these audits I could see our store falling into a bad situation. It is reassuring that there is a responsibility put on the manger to comply with regulation and procedures so that we do work in a safe and healthy environment.

Investigation into aqueous electrolytic cells Essay

Introduction: For this experiment, we are to test an aqueous solution, choosing from the four selections given: sodium chloride, copper sulfate, copper chloride and hydrogen sulfuric acid. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate one factor that affects the output of an aqueous electrolytic cell. We were given a double lesson to plan the experiment and another for us to collect data. I decided that the electrolytic cell I will study is copper chloride by measuring the mass of the carbon stick, the electrode. We are also given a supply of power units to help us investigate into aqueous electrolytic cells. Aim: My aim for this experiment is to investigate whether the amount of voltage in a circuit can affect the amount of solid discharged. Hypothesis (including reason): If the voltage increases, the amount of solid discharged from the electrode will increase as well. I predict that the solid discharged from the electrode will increase as the voltage increase in the circuit because as the voltage goes higher, the more energy will be produced and the faster the solid will be discharged from the electrode. And hence, the mass of the electrode will gradually become heavier as the voltage increases. Variables: Independent variable: voltage For the independent variable, it is the voltage, because I have to change it as we finish the experiment every time, meaning the input of the experiment. It is also a manipulated variable, which is a factor or condition that changes intentionally manipulated by the investigator to observe the effect. Since we want a big difference of mass change, we decided to go from 2amps to 12amps. Dependent variable: mass of electrode For the dependent variable, it is the mass of electrode, because this is what I will be measuring, meaning the output of this experiment. It is also the responding variable; the variable that may change result of the independent variable. Controlled variable: temperature, distance of carbon stick, length of carbon stick, type of cathode and anode metal, time of running led with constant current, volume or depth of emersion of electrodes. These are all the controlled variables, because they all need a certain amount or distance in order to keep the experiment constant each time I do it and to make it a fair test. Discussion & Conclusion: Referring to my graph, the line of best fit shows clearly a trend that the mass of the electrode increases as the voltage increase, therefore supporting my hypothesis, proving that the prediction was correct. As the voltage increased, the faster the solid was discharged from the electrode, causing the mass to increase gradually. However, during the process of collecting the data, there was a problem of unstable temperature. I had to redo the experiment again as the first attempt was not what I expect, the temperature went from 20.5Â ºCto43 Â ºC. Therefore, I changed the solution after every read of each different voltages in order to keep a more stable temperature and hold a fair test. I also noticed the copper chloride in the first attempt changed from turquoise color to dark green, I believe it is the carbon residue left in the solution. The second time, there was less because we changed to a new solution every reading. Excluding the errors made during the experiment, all in all base on the points stated above, it proves that my hypothesis is correct. Modifications to Original Plan: As mentioned in the discussion, due to the unexpected rapid increase of temperature as the voltage increase, I decided that the solution should be changed every reading to prevent an unfair test, producing unreliable results. Changing the solution after every reading will decrease the risk of unstable temperature and will carry out a fairer test, and the results are more accurate. Evaluation: My method was overall satisfactory as it carried out a successful experiment, proving my hypothesis right. But if I were to do this investigation again, I would decrease the voltage range as the range I did was too high; hence, producing chlorine gas which was toxic and it was too strong when the power unit reached 12amps. After this experience, I would be aware of the voltage, and next time I would only start from 1amps and end at 5amps. That way, there will be less risk of breathing in too much toxic chlorine gas and the experiment would be safer as well. This investigation can be extended to investigate on whether the aqueous solution would be affect by the length of the electrode.

The Jungle †by Upton Sinclair

The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair Free Online Research Papers Upon first reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† I was quite disturbed to see what was going on with the meat packing industry. It was disgusting and unbelievable that there were no sanitation rules and regulations required during this time. I am glad that Sinclair was able to bring this problem to everyone’s attention. The fact that diseased animals were knowingly accepted truly disturbed me, â€Å"†¦where men welcomed tuberculosis in the cattle they were feeding, because it made them fatten more quickly.† I don’t understand how the health and well being of the consumer and the workers were not a concern. TB was a dangerous and deadly disease at that time and was not easily cured; I am sickened to know the meat industry played a role in the deaths by TB. â€Å"These rats were a nuisance and the packers would out poison they would die, and then the rats, bread and meat would go in the hoppers together.† The fact that consumers had no idea they were purchasing rat remains, rats, and poison to feed their family is ridiculous. This place was disgusting. I’m surprised more people weren’t killed from the food. The workers I think bothered me a lot, it seemed they were all diseased or sick. Who would want someone like this handling their food with no protection This is disgusting! â€Å"†¦the workers in each of them had their own peculiar disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The fact the workers were all sick made no sense to me Congress should have been on top of this, con sidering the fact that these are the people handling our food. Jurgis’ experience at this time showed the American Culture to be on of a third world culture. It seemed as if we had no morals to tolerate such behavior from the meat packing industry. I am aware that it was not at first brought to the President and Congress’ attention but it should have been something that was regulated anyway. I feel Jurgis’ experience were very significant to the development of our new regulations. In Sinclair’s book he opened our eyes to the unseen world of the meat packing industry and helped develop many sanitation rules. After reading Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† President Roosevelt sent two agents to Chicago to investigate, and when they arrived back they confirmed Sinclair’s story. Roosevelt and Congress then created the meat inspection act of 1906. This law required federal inspection of meats and gave the agriculture department the right to enforce sanitation standards in processing plants. Along with this, the Pure Food and Drug Act was also enacted on the same day. Research Papers on The Jungle - by Upton Sinclair19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and Autumn

Dancing Skeltons Essay Example

Dancing Skeltons Essay Example Dancing Skeltons Essay Dancing Skeltons Essay Dancing Skeletons In the ethnography, â€Å"Dancing Skeletons, the author Katherine Dettwyler describes many reasons for her research in Mali. The main focus of her research was too attack the problem of malnourished children and to figure out what diseases they were struggling with. This ethnography detailed Dettwyler’s second trip to Mali, and she wanted to relocate many of the children she had previously measured, as well as add more children to her study. Throughout the ethnography, Dettwyler makes it very clear that the malnutrition of these children is a major problem in Mali. She describes many of the children she measures and the picture she paints in one’s mind is horrifying. One of the many diseases she comes across is Kwashiorkor, or funu bana (which means â€Å"swelling sickness†). Dettwyler allows you to feel the pain of this disease by detailing a young girl, â€Å" Her face was round and puffy, almost as though she had been beaten†¦ but the defining characteristic was her enormously swollen abdomen†¦her expression was one of sadness and apathy, her eyes sunken and dull†(Dettwyler 1994:71,72). This description allows the reader to feel for these children and understand the immense hardships that they have to deal with every day. The problem of malnourished children stems from the lack of education within the community. The children all the way up to the adults do not know, or in some cases do not have the resources to drink and eat correctly, or clean themselves. There are a tremendous amount of examples in this ethnography that support this but one of the most troubling is when the teenaged boy tells Dettwyler that his red urine was, â€Å"part of growing up†(Dettwyler 1994:46). She later realized that many cultures believe that the red urine is a sign of being sexually mature and when in reality this was an example of a person with schistosomiasis. This disease is caused by parasites that burrow through the skin ending up in the urinary tract and can be fatal. My reaction to this book was that it was good first hand feedback to the hardships of cultures in Mali. Reading this, many questions arose about different ways Dettwyler went about her research, and how she acted in Mali. First of all Mrs. Dettwyler, why would you ever subject your young daughter, twice, to a place where the malaria and immense amounts of other diseases are widespread and where fully developed healthy adults have died because of it? This is probably the most selfish thing she could have done. She herself explains how many anthropologists have died in areas of Mali from malaria. She provides an example of one American who died, her name was Kay. She died from cerebral malaria, and there were many others in the past just like her who died. Dettwyler experienced this the first time and yet still brought back her daughter, Miranda. I understand that she did this for company but part of being an anthropologist is excepting the fact that at some point you may experience culture shock. This argument was fueled by common sense and also what I learned in class and in the readings. When an anthropologist decides to do fieldwork they are agreeing to deal with many things, one of them being culture shock. Another topic I would have liked to hear about is the healthy children. The entire ethnography is based on the malnourished children. This is the major issue, but is every child in Mali malnourished? If not then what are the healthy children and parents doing differently to keep from succumbing to the ample diseases. The only time Dettwyler really expresses the healthy children is explaining that the ones who were breastfeed are relatively healthier than the others. She says this is the case because, â€Å"mother’s milk provides all the nutrients and calories they need, as well as living cells that grant immunological protection from disease† (Dettwyler 1994:79). This provided good insight into how these children should be nourished and more facts like that would have helped the overall effect of the ethnography. The final thing I wish Dettwyler looked more into was the male/female relationship and how the males felt about the female gender. I do not know if she didn’t address this because she had limited interaction with the males because of her gender, or whether it was simply of no interest to her. If she could have explained further why she didn’t take much account to this it would have added a more well-rounded ethnography. What roles did the fathers play in the child raising? Were they passive like it appeared or was it just not discussed? Dettwyler displayed tremendous anthropological skills as well as some not so good skills. A good thing she did was build a high amount rapport with the Malians. This was important so they would allow her to measure them, and also so they would trust her when she taught them how to properly nourish their children. In the text she almost always displays a calm and intellectual demeanor when she is speaking to parents about their badly diseased or injured child. She has seen so many things that she is not surprised as too what she will see next and it helps her keep her composure. One time she didn’t follow this was when she ran away from the dance because she was so upset about the â€Å"dancing skeletons†. Dettwyler ended up breaking down at a ceremonial dance that they were doing for her. The reason she became so upset was because she saw all the terrible malnourished children dancing, and she said they looked like â€Å"dancing skeletons† Dettwyler who seemingly never seems phased by what she sees, said, â€Å"I fled, in anger and horror†¦hot tears coursed down my cheeks†(Dettwyller 1994:143). This helps reinforce the fact that being an anthropologist is not easy and the things they experience are life changing. One anthropological issue I think she is displaying is ethnocentrism. There are many instances where she does not respect the values of the people and she can be disrespectful towards them. One of the instances is when she refuses to eat the goat they prepared, and Macan replies saying, â€Å"But they killed this goat especially for you† (Dettwyller 1994:82). After Macon says that, she still refuses to eat the meat and is even rude about it. There is also another instance where she refuses to eat the food in the Famabougou village after a day of measuring. She doesn’t care that what she is doing is offending them, because she said the food was filled with bacteria from being out all day, and she didn’t want to eat it. Although I would not want to eat bacteria either, I have learned in class that it is very important to show the utmost respect to the cultural people especially when they go out of their way to provide food.

The Reality of Freelance Writing

The Reality of Freelance Writing The Reality of Freelance Writing The Reality of Freelance Writing By Mark Nichol A recent Craigslist job posting invites readers to apply to write twenty or more 1,000-word online-marketing articles per week. The pay rate? Twenty dollars per article to start, thirty dollars each after the first ten articles, and forty or fifty dollars apiece after a couple of weeks. The compensation for this work, after the initial fifty articles are written, is more than a thousand dollars a month about fifty thousand dollars a year, a fair income for a freelance writer. But back up a bit: The writer is being asked to produce 20,000 words per week. At that rate, one could churn out a good-sized novel or nonfiction book each month if not for the fact that writers are human beings who need to eat and sleep and would like to indulge in luxuries like recreation and socialization. Assuming that a 1,000-word article can be written in around two hours, that’s a full-time workweek. The problem? Salaried writers don’t write for forty hours a week. They attend meetings and confer with colleagues, and perhaps do some editing and proofreading as well as writing. It’s unrealistic to expect someone to put in that many hours churning out content, even if one finds writing about widgets an exhilarating prospect. It’s unsustainable for a writer to do so, and disingenuous for an employer to expect that the writer can do so. What’s most disheartening about this job posting even more than the fact that it would be more reasonable for the client to hire more writers to produce fewer articles each is that it’s one of the more generous offers I’ve seen online lately. There’s no writing tip buried among these observations. There’s simply a plea to any readers who might be posting job listings such as the one I’ve described to ask themselves whether they could actually sustain this workload, whether they could live on the meager compensation usually offered for such assignments. Do they want to attract writers, or are they content with typists? (No offense intended against transcribers, of course.) If there’s any tip to be shared, it’s to my fellow freelance writers out there: Yes, projects may generally be scarce and poorly compensated, and it’s tempting to take grueling assignments such as the one described in this job listing. (I’ve done so for a while.) But never forget that unless you’re a novice, or you’re a merely competent writer, you deserve better than this and novices and competent writers will get better and deserve better and you must be diligent about finding the best offers. And, once you’re hired and have proven your value, be diligent about assertively requesting periodic boosts in pay as a reward for your increasingly valuable contributions to the success of the enterprise. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should Know26 Feel-Good Words40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Woodstock and hippie culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Woodstock and hippie culture - Essay Example With new lifestyle, new ways of thinking and by going against the tide, young people try to create their own new ‘culture’. In America, the most prominent wave of cultural revolution and rebellion was observed during the 60’s and 70’s. During this period, a revolution was introduced through music, art, fashion, open relationships, physical appearance, thinking etc. The ‘culture’ that brought about this revolution in 60’s and 70’s was the culture of ‘hippie’. However, what really became instrumental in giving a massive exposure to the hippie culture was the Woodstock music festival. In 1969, the Woodstock festival witnessed the largest gathering of human beings in one place in history, with the presence of 500,000 youthful people (â€Å"Woodstock 1969.†). Through Woodstock festival, the whole world witnessed a new wave of cultural revolution in ‘hippies’ and Woodstock became a turning point in the c ultural history of America, and the world (â€Å"Woodstock 1969†). The hippies Hippie culture is known as the counterculture of the 1960’s (Issitt 2009, xi). It was in San Francisco, California, that the hippie movement originated and from there, it spread all over the United States and Europe (Huber, Lemieux and Hollis). The hippies followed and encouraged liberal thinking in politics, lifestyle and culture ( Issitt 2009, xi). Hippie culture gave an outlet to the psychological, emotional and cultural revolution that was felt in the heart of the youth all over the world ( Issitt 2009, xi). Hence, even though hippie way of thinking was practiced in America, it was actually a global phenomenon (Issitt 2009, xi). The hippie culture not only remained limited to the thinking and behavior pattern of the hippies, but it also permeated the mediums of music, literature, art, cinema and fashion scene of the 60’s and 70’s (Issitt 2009, xii). Most importantly, music was one of the major medium in which the ‘hippie’ sentiments and thoughts were expressed strongly. This was the major reason why the hippie culture influenced the Woodstock festival to such a great extend. Woodstock festival The Woodstock festival was a result of hippie people’s desire to live the hippie life openly, freely and without any guilt attached to it. The large hippie population, perfect climate and setting for outdoor concert, and the opportunity to experience every aspect of hippie culture, made the Woodstock festival a carnival and ‘once in a lifetime’ experience for hippies (Issitt 2009, 41). Hence, thousands of hippies flocked to the festival to socialize with like minded people and to enjoy ‘their’ kind of music, dance and lifestyle (Issitt 2009, 41). The Woodstock festival was a carnival for the hippies and they made the most of it by attending it in large number. Moreover, what made the Woodstock festival a paradise for hippies is the environment and opportunities that it guaranteed. The 1969 Woodstock festival was the giant spectrum of potential for hippies (Miller 1991, 82). They considered it an â€Å"epitome of joy and peace† (Miller 1991, 82). The Woodstock became ‘the’ destination for hippies as it offered them everything that they desired for (Miller 1991, 82). In the unrestrained environment of the Woodstock festival, the hippies enjoyed the commune like life, spiritual and religious experience, and total freedom to behave in a typical hippie way (Miller 1991, 82). Most importantly, the Woodstock festival proved to be a free dope territory (Miller 1991, 82) which allowed them an opportunity to experience the ‘spiritual’ high through drugs and LSD, openly(Issitt 2009, 41). Moreover, it also allowed them a space where they got to enjoy the intellectual stimulation by listening to the